Drawing compound and method



Feb. 14, 1967 J. E. WHITE ETAL v 3,304,258

DRAWING COMPOUND AND METHOD Filed Oct. 29, 1964 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Q \r w N Q INVENTORS.

DRAWING COMPOUND AND METHOD Filed'Oot. 29, 1964 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 United States Patent 3,304,258 DRAWING CGMPOUND AND METHGD James E. White, Dearborn Heights, and Richard 3. Cui'r, Birmingham, Mich., assignors to Chrysler Corporation, Highland Park, Mich., a corporation of Delaware Filed Oct. 29, 1964, Ser. No. 414,485 19 Claims. (Cl. 252-33.@

' The present application is a continuation-in-part of our copending application Serial No. 370,470 filed May 27, 1964, now abandoned.

This invention relates to wet lubricants for use in drawing sheet metal. It is particularly concerned with -a nonpigmented liquid drawing compound preferably free of sulphur, chlorine, and other substances harmful to personnel, suitable for most sheet metal draws including deep drawing operations. It pertains to -a liquid composition that will adhere tenaciously to metal, especially ferrous metal, during blanking, stacking, drawing, and all subsequent operations and that further will provide positive protection from corrosion, give excellent lubrication in the press even with very thin ilms, and that may be applied to the coil stock at the mill or immediately prior to blanking.

In cold working processes such as drawing, punching, and stamping it has been customary to lubricate the metal with a dry or wet lubricant. Both types are applied as liquids7 the wet lubricant remaining liquid but the dry lubricant being dried to `form a solid film.

The dry lubricant compositions are applied as cold or hot solutions or as hot melts and elaborate equipment is utilized to effectuate the necessary heat and/ or drying to produce the dry film.

Those wet lubricants available, usually water emulsions of soluble oils, have been mainly employed as lubricating or cooling liquids in metal cutting, turning, drilling, and grinding. Water emulsions of soluble light viscosity oils containing about 10% oil and 90% water have heretofore been used Aas blanking lubricants and the stacked blanks thereafter used at the press without further applications of lubricant but only where the character of draw was of the simplest kind. Neither the blanks nor the finished drawn parts could be stored for extended periods of time without tarnish and corrosion taking place. A maximum of three days, and in summer times considerably less, was the best possible without undesirable results.

Parts have also been made from coil, strip, or precut lengths of metal where the dry uncoated metal is coated with lubricant at or immediately adjacent the press as the metal is fed to the press to perform drawing operations thereon which may be light or deep draws. The lubricant in these cases is usually a soap solution of significant viscosity without oil and with or without pigment loading or is an emulsion of a fatty acid or petroleum oil normally emulsified with soap or synthetic emulsier, the emulsion being either water in oil or oil in water. The lubricant in this instance may also be a straight oil or an oil compounded with extreme pressure lubricants such as chlorinated paraffin. The diliculty with these lubricants is that where they are of sufficient viscosity to accomplish a draw, they could not be employed where any stacking operations, for example, Iof precoated blanks or finished articles were involved. The character of the lubricant in each of these instances is such that the sheets or articles would stick together, and where substantial water was present in the lubricant, corrosion was also likely. Moreover, if the water present evaporated it was likely that the coating would be too viscous or too thin for darwing purposes depending upon the oil employed. If ditlicult or deep draws are involved requiring multiple forming operations on the metal, these water emulsions 3,364,258 Patented Feb. 14, 1967 ICC are not adequate and spot or complete coating of the metal with other metal drawing compounds at each drawing step is additionally required. In such instances it has been necessary to resort to spraying, brushing7 or manual swabbing of the metal with the lubricant at the press. Roller coating in these cases is not practical because the metal is no longer at and accordingly, a great deal of waste of lubricant materials usually takes place.

The present invention is concerned with a single application wet lubricant composition that may be applied by metal rolls preceding the lblanking operation and which may be the metal feed rolls of the press. The coating remains wet during blanking, stacking, multiple drawing operations, including deep draws, and all subsequent fabrication. The coating of the present invention adheres tenaciously to the metal during all procedures and provides positive protection of the metal from corrosion even when water is present on the metal or in the coating. It eliminates any need for recoating with the same cornposition or treatment with additional drawing compounds. The composition provides excellent lubrication with very thin films. It avoids buckling of the metal due to excessive lubrication and inhibits cracking or breaking in the metal in forming.

The advantages of the new compositions of the invention are numerous. It will provide steel with positive corrosion protection from the time it is decoiled from mill rolls until the shaped part is ready for metal preparation prior to painting. 'One lubricant can be used as both a rust-proof oil and as a drawing compound and may be utilized for both moderate and deep draw operations. All ovens for drying dry-draw lubricants can be eliminated from production lines by the use of the composition of the invention. Any mess at the draw presses and on the line heretofore created by sprayed drawing lubricants can be eliminated thereby improving working conditions, reducing clean-up time required by maintaining or changing dies and inhibiting contamination of machinery lubricants with drawing compounds. The new composition avoids build-up of solids customary with drydraw compounds on the dies. It inhibits blocking or sticking of metal blanks encountered by the use of many dry-draw compounds. Use of the novel lubricating composition of the invention reduces the total amount of drawing compound needed for all drawing operations to as little as one quarter of that previously required. The new coating may be yapplied by metal rolls thus eliminating any gouging of the rolls encountered by the prior use of rubber rolls as the applicating means. Steel coated with the new composition of the invention can usually be welded through the coating without prior cleaning or damage to the weldments. The new coating can be removed by conventional cleaning processes even after prolonged storage of parts treated therewith. Where the new composition is employed stamping is performed on a Wet lubricant and no drying is required. Only one lubricant is nee-ded for all severities of draw thereby facilitating a substantial reduction in drawing compound inventories. The new composition makes possible the elimination of application of drawing compounds at the press thus permitting safer working conditions and reduced maintenance of machinery. The new composition is soluble in either oil or water and can be reduced with either one where necessary. The new coating provides exceptionally good lm strength inhibiting metal-to-metal contact and the possibility of scoring. The new composition can be applied at ambient temperatures by any method of application now in use such as brushing, swabhing, spraying, dipping, or rollerv coating. The new composition makes possible use of coating blanks or sheets immediately after application of the coating composition. The novel composition of the invention where applied by rolls does not require the use of special rubber or other rolls lfor this purpose but steel rolls such as drive the metal into the blankers and which may be these drive rolls themselves may be used as coating rolls because the unique frictional properties of the new composition allow the rolls to drive the metal without slipping. The composition of the invention also provides an excellent protective coating for soft sheet metal such as aluminum that may be applied at the mill. It prevents scratching, scufling, and Water spotting of the material. In the case of aluminum it is the present practice to ship such material uncoated in heated trucks to prevent condensation and water marking. Finally, the composition of the invention does not require the inclusion of ingredients such as sulphur, chlorine and others which may be harmful to personnel handling the coated metal.

The novel base compositions of our invention are liquid solutions preferably containing as essential ingredients, in amount by weight percent of the total composition:

(a) to 75% of water soluble salt or soap selected from one ofor a mixture of water soluble sodium, potassium, and amine rosin soaps and sodium, potassium, and amine soaps of a fat or fatty acid and mixtures of fats and/ or fatty acids, whose titre does not ex-ceed C. g of which soap at least about 10% is rosin salt or soap.

(b) 0 to 15% of an organic uid selected from glycols (including polyglycols), ethers of glycols and mixtures thereof, ile., mixtures of glycols, mixtures of ethers of glycols, mixtures of glycols and ethers of glycols, and dimethyl sulfoxide which has all of the attributes of glycol for the purposes of this invention.

(c) 0 to 12% of Iwater.

(d) Remainder: An oil or mixture of oils having a maximum viscosity of about 4000 SUS at 100 F. and selected from aliphatic and naphthenic type (non-aromatic) oils, mixtures thereof and mixtures of such aliphatic and/or naphthenic oils with aromatic type oils (those having an aromatic nucleus), the latter in amount not exceeding and preferably 20% of the total oil by weight. The aliphatic type oils are intended to include the straight chain hydrocarbon oils (also called mineral and petroleum oils) derived from crude petroleum, such as the parains, isoparains, cycloparatlins, and oletins or those derived from fatty oils which are glycerol esters and are obtained from vegetable or animal fats and similar materials.

The rosin salts or soaps used in our invention are any of those rosin soaps and mixtures thereof made by saponiiication with an aqueous alkali such as sodium or potassium carbonate `or hydroxide, or `an amine such as triethanolarnine of rosins such as wood rosin, gum rosin, tall oil rosin, hydrogenated rosin or polymerized rosin.

The soaps of Afats or fatty acids used in our invention are those soaps and mixtures thereof made by saponication with an aqueous alkali such as sodium or potassium carbonate or hydroxide or an amine such as trieth-anolamine of fatty acids of natural oils and fats such as palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, and linolenic acid, tall oil fatty acids derived from pine wood and vegetable acids such as coconut fatty acids and acids derived from corn, soya `and bean oils. These soaps may include as contaminants minor amounts of water insoluble soaps such as metallic soaps formed by heating a fatty acid with a metallic oxide or reaction rof a soluble sodium or potassium soap with solutions of heavy metal salts but their presence is not desired.

The rosin soaps are essential to control viscosity, to give the material sutlicient adhesion to the article to be coated, :and to facilitate `the draw. In addition, the rosin soap in the proportions used has the property of inhibiting corrosion of the coated blanks and finished parts during storage. It also permits the coated blanks to be drawn without producing wrinkles due to excessive lubrication. It is found that the rosin soap provides peculiar friction properties in the composition Iwhich slows down the draw at the press to inhibit this condition.

Examples of oils that may be used in this invention are those refined from naphthenic coastal crude, Pennsylvania crude, Mid-Continent paran crude and Venezuelan crude which are all mixtures of naphthenic and parainic oils which contain small amounts of olens and not more than about 20% of aromatic oils; pure paraffin oils such as white mineral oil; fatty oils such as lard oil, castor oil, sperm oil; and chlorinated oils of any of the foregoing types, especially the chlorinated paraiins. The -chlorinated oils are preferably used in place of only part of the other oil constitutent of the composition since it decreases the corrosion resistant properties of the composition. It is desirable, however, for improving the drawability of the metal, especially in the case of deep draws` It will be understood that Where the corrosion resistance is provided by other ingredients or is not required the entire oil constitutent of the composition may be a liquid chlorinated one.

Where the percent of aromatic oils in the oil constituents exceeds 20% it adversely affects the lubricity of the composition and inhibits its deep drawing properties so as to limit the range of all purpose usable compositions obtainable` In no case should the amount exceed 50% by weight.

Examples of suitable organic fluids are ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, hexylene glycol, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, dipropylene glycol methyl ether, tripropylene glycol methyl ether, propylene glycol methyl ether, and di-methyl sulfoxide.

The organic fluids are desirable for controlling solubility of the soap in the oil constituent especially where the soap is an alkali metal soap of a fatty acid and to a lesser degree a soap of natural rosin. It is normally not required for amine soaps or hydrogenated or polymerized rosin soap. For Icontrolling solubility it is found that organic fluid in amount constituting about 9% by Weight of the total soap constituent is the maximum required for satisfactory operation. This aomunt may vary down to Zero depending upon the overall character of the soap constituent and percentage of soap in the composition. A few tests starting with 9% will quickly show the minimum needed for a particular composition.

The organic tluid is. also desired for controlling viscosity of the final composition. This is especially irnportant where the composition is to be applied to a sheet by a roll applicator, If the composition is too viscous it is more difficult to control the thickness of the applied layer and the measuring roll tends to pick off the coating. Moreover, water additions tend to thicken the composition and in the `case of certain compositions may cause the composition to go through a viscosity changing cy-cle with different amounts of Water. Such change in viscosity occurs both where the water is introduced into the composition for purposes of dilution or by reason of the presence of water on the sheet prior to coating with the composition. A change in viscosity also eviden-ces itself in washing a coating from the sheet but offers no diiculty to etfect removal. Moreover, since the composition is generally used in a recirculation type of system a satisfactory viscosity is desirable. As a result of much experimentation it is found that a maximum viscosity of less than seconds Ford Cup viscosity as measured by a level cup through a 1li inch orifice is essential for satisfactory operation and a maximum viscosity of between 50 to 60 seconds preferred. To prevent the composition from attaining a viscosity exceeding the above maximum under all conditions of use Where extraneous water is encountered or used for dilution the use of an organic uid constituent in a minimum amount by Weight which is 20% of the total soap constituent is found expedient and 20 to 25% by weight found adequate. In no case, however, need this amount exceed 15% by weight of the entire composition. Additions of organic fluid are not required for viscosity control Where the composition is to be used with less than 10% Water dilution, or where roller application is not contemplated or where less than water is encountered in application. However, it is preferred that at least about 6% by weight of organic uid based upon the total soap content be employed. In those cases where the organic fluid is provided for viscosity control it will usually be found that such amount is also adequate to provide the solubility control factor.

The following are typical examples of compositions prepared in accordance with the teachings of our invention and which are provided to indicate more fully the nature and capabilities of the novel drawing compound compositions of our inventions. They are not set forth by way of limitation. In all cases the percentages given are percent by weight:

Example I A liquid mixture was prepared consisting of the following ingredients:

Percent Dresinate 95 49.6 Eethylene glycol monobutyl ether 0.4 100 SUS at 100 F. naphthene coastal oil 50.0

Dresinate 95 is dark liquid; a water soluble potassium salt of crude FF wood rosin and Icrude tall oil. It is constituted of 88% solids including a glycol coupling agent and water of saponification. It has an acid number 24 and a Brookfield viscosity of 4.5 poises at 60 C. It is made by Hercules Powder Company.

The above composition constitutes by analysis the following ingredients:

Percent Potassium soap of wood rosin 16.07 Potassium soap of tall oil fatty acids 24.11 100 SUS at 100 F. naphthene coastal oil 50.00 Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether 0.4 Diethylene glycol 3.47 Water 5.95

The ingredients are mixed by simple agitation and addition of them in any order. Heating to a 140 F. will expedite the mixing process but is not necessary. Where basic chemical ingredients are employed to prepare the composition it may be lmade by mixing appropriate molar quantities of the oily mixture of rosin and fatty acids constituting tall oil (including abietic acid and its monomers; unsaturated fatty acids including oleic, linoleic, and linolenic; and phytosterolsand higher alcohols and hydrocarbons) with the FF wood rosin; heating the mixture to 160 to 180 F. adding aqueous caustic potash (potassium hydroxide) and heating to saponication.

In the above example and those which follow the naphthene coastal oil is generally constituted of approximately 38% naphthenes, 42% paraffins, 20% aromatics, and less than 1% olens.

Example II A liquid mixture consisting of the following materials was prepared lby any of the methods of Example I:

Percent Dresinate 95 47 100 SUS at 100 F. naphthene coastal oil 28 85 SUS at 210 F. naphthene coastal oil 19 Hexylene glycol 6 The above composition is constituted of the following chemical ingredients:

Percent Potassium soap of wood rosin 15.23 Potassium soap of tall oil fatty acids 22.84 100 SUS at 100 F. naphthene coastal oil 28.00 85 SUS at 210 F. naphthene coastal oil 19.00 Diethylene glycol 3.29 Water 5.64 Hexylene glycol 6.00

Example III A liquid mixture consisting of the following materials vwas prepared by any of the methods described i-n Example I:

Percent Dresinate 92 50 100 SUS at 100 F. naphthene coastal oil 25 40% chlorinated paraffin (a paraffin having 40% by weight of chlorine reacted into the same) 20 'FF wood rosin 5 Dresinate 92 is a dark liquid containing 88% solids and 12% water of saponification. It is a water soluble potassium salt of crude rosin; has an acid number of 15, a Brookfield viscosity of 7.5 poises, at 60 C., and the acid number of the resin furnish is 100.

The above composition is constituted of the following chemical ingredients:

y Percent Potassium soap of wood rosin 44 Water 6 l100 SUS at 100 F. 4naphthene coastal oil 25 40% chlorinated paraffin 20 Wood rosin 5 Example IV A liquid mixture was prepared consisting of the following materials using any of the methods described in Example I:

erties given by it to the composition enhances rust protection.

Example V A liquid mixture consisting of the following materials was prepared by any of the methods of Example I:

Percent Dresinate 92 50.00 Dipropylene glycol 3.00 600 SUS at 100 F. paraffin base oil 40.00 Lard oil 7.00

The above composition is constituted of the following chemical constituents:

Percent Potassium soap of Wood rosin 44.00 Water 6.00 Dipropylene glycol 3.00 600 SUS at 100 F. paran base oil 40.00 Lard oil 7.00

Example VI A liquid mixture consisting of the following materials was prepared by any of the methods of Example I:

. Percent Dresinate 95 76.00 Eethylene glycol monoethyl ether (Celloso'lve solvent) Solvent refined SUS at 100 F. naphthene coastal oil (an oil treated with fur-tural) 16.00

The above composition is constituted of the following chemical ingredients:

Percent Potassium soap of wood rosin 24.30 Potassium soap of tall oil fatty acids 36.45 Diethylene glycol 5.25 Water 95.00 Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether 9.00

Solvent refined 100 SUS at 100 F. naphthene coastal oil 16.00

Example VII A liquid mixture consisting of the following materials was prepared by any of the methods of Example I:

Percent Dresinate 81 20.00 Dil-methyl sulfoxide 0.50 65 SUS at 100 F. paran oil 20.50 4000 SUS at 100 F. naphthene coastal oil 59.00

Dresinate 81 is a pale liquid containing 87% solids. It is a Water soluble sodium salt of a pale rosin, has an acid number 15, a Brookeld viscosity of 5.7 poises at 60 C. and the acid number of the resin furnish is 100.

The above composition is constituted of the following chemical ingredients:

Percent Sodium soap of Wood rosin 17.40 Water 2.60 Dimethyl sulfoxide 0.50 65 SUS at 100 F. paran oil 20.50 4000 SUS at 100 F. naphthene coastal oil 59.00

Example VIII A liquid mixture consisting of the following materials was prepared by any of the methods of Example I:

Percent Dresinate 92 75.00 100 SUS at 100 F. sulfurized paraffin oil 10.00 Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether 10.00 Lard oil reacted with 14% sulfur by weight 5.00

in this example the sulfurized paraffin oil is prepared by charging the oil with 1% by Weight of sulfur and heating at 200 F. 'for two hours to affect reaction of the sulfur with the unsaturates of the oil.

The above composition is constituted `of the following chemical constituents:

Percent Potassium soap of decarboxylated rosin 66.00 Water 9.00 Parafn oil i 9.9 Sulfur 0.8 Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether 10.00 Lard oil 4.3

Example 1X A liquid mixture was prepared consisting of the following ingredients:

In this example the rosin and fatty acid are added to the petroluem oil and heated to 150 F. at which temperature it is mixed for one hour or until the rosin is dissolved. The caustic potash is then dissolved in water and added to the oil solution While stirring and while hot. The mixing is continued with the composition kept at 150 E. for one and a half hours after which the glycol is added While mixing and the composition allowed to cool. The composition as formed contains 22.3% potassium soa-p of oleic acid, 12.09% potassium soap of rosin and 2.03% excess rosin.

Example X A liquid mixture was prepared consisting of the following ingredients:

Percent Tall oil containing 25% by weight of rosin 24 2000 SUS at 100 F. paraffin oil 40 Triethanolamine 24 Dipropylene glycol 7 Rosin 5 In this example the rosin and Ifatty acid are added to the petroleum oil and heated to 150 F. at which ternperature it is mixed for one hour or until the rosin is dissolved. The heat is shut off and the triethanolam-ine is added While stirring. The mixing is continued for one to one and a half hours after which the glycol is added while mixing and the composition is allowed to cool. The composition as formed contains 26.17% TEA soap and 15.74% TEA soap of rosin.

Example XI A liquid mixture consisting of the following materials was prepared by any of the methods of Example I:

Percent Dresinate 95 44 100 SUS 100 F. naphthene coastal oil 12 SUS 210 F. nap'hthene coastal oil 32 Hexylene glycol 12 The above composition constitutes by analysis the following chemical ingredients:

Percent Potassium soap of wood rosin 14.26 Potassium soap of tall oil fatty acids 21.38 100 SUS 100 F. naphthene coastal oil 12.00 85 SUS 210 F. naphthene coastal oil 32.00 Hexylene glycol 12.00 Water 5.28 Diethylene glycol 3.08

Example XII A liquid mixture consisting of the following materials was prepared by any of the methods of Example I:

Percent Dresinate 44 85 SUS (d) 210 F. naphthene coastal oil 47 Ethylene glycol monohutyl ether 9 The foregoing composition constitutes Iby analysis the following chemical ingredients:

Percent Potassium soap of wood rosin 14.26 Potassium soap of tall oil fatty acids 21.38 85 SUS @D 210 F. naphthene coastal oil 47.00 Ethylene glycol monobutyl ether 9.00 Water 5.28 Diethylene glycol 3.08

Example XIII A liquid mixture consisting of the following materials was prepared by any of the methods of Example I:

Percent Dresinate 95 44.0 SUS at 100 F. naphthene coastal oil 25.2 85 SUS at 210 F. naphthene coastal oil 17.8 Hexylene glycol 12.0

The above composition is constituted of the following chemical ingredients:

, Percent Potassium soap of wood rosin 14.26 Potassium soap of tall oil Ifatty acids 21.38 Diethylene glycol 3.08 Water 5.28 100 SUS at 100 F. naphthene coastal oil 25.20 85 SUS at 210 F. naphthene coastal oil 17.08 Hexylene glycol 12.00

The presence of water in the above compositions is not required and generally is only that water shown in the examples which is present lby reason of saponification of the soaps. Water can nevertheless be tolerated and in substantial amount. For example, compositions of the invention may be diluted with up to 100% by weight of water with good drawability results in most cases and up to 300% in some cases. However, for best results the compositions are preferably used without water dilution. As described above when the dilution is less than 10%, the use of organic fluid (glycol and the like) for viscosity control is not generally required but it is generally preferred to provide small amounts in the composition to accommodate unexpected conditions in operation. Where a wide range of water dilution is contemplated such additions are essential to inhibit gelation and maintain the viscosity in the operable range described.

The desirability of this control is evident, for example, from FIGURE 1 of the drawings where curves have been plotted showing the effect of water dilution on viscosity for typical formulations, for `instance those of Examples I, II, XI, XII, and XIII.

It will be seen that the composition of Example I containing 3.87% glycol (9% based on soap) will have a viscosity of below 100 seconds Ford Cup viscosity up to about 12% dilution, will gel at about 15% water dilution, return to an operable range below 100 seconds Ford Cup viscosity at 18% dilution, go above 100 to 125 seconds Ford Cup viscosity at 40% dilution and return below 100 seconds Ford Cup viscosity at about 43% and more dilution. It will be noted, however, that this formulation has a viscosity below the preferred maximum (50 to 60 seconds Ford Cup viscosity) only at dilutions between to about 11, about 19 to 24 and above 46% dilution. Formulations II and XI containing 9.29% to 15.08% organic fluid respectively could on the other hand be diluted and stay substantially within the viscosity maximum desired while Examples XII and XIII containing 12.08% and 15.08% organic fluid had only small changes in viscosity for wide ranges of dilution. It would also appear from these tests that the glycol ethers, for instance, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, are more effective than the straight glycols in leveling the viscosity changes in water dilution.

The compositions of the invention may also be diluted with oil additions although such is not preferred. Oil additions will only cause such changes in viscosity as the inherent viscosity of the additive will produce on the compositions. Additions of oil have been made up to 50% dilution with satisfactory effects in the case of light and medium draws and are believed possible in certain cases up to 300%.

As already described the novel compositions of our invention maybe applied to the metal sheet or strips in :any suitable manner by roll, swab, or spray application.

Normally it is applied by roll applicators. While conventional rubber rolls may be used metal rolls such as the steel rolls that drive the metal into the blankers vare used as applicators since the unique frictional properties of the compounds allow such rolls -to drive Without slipping.

A typical operation is shown in the drawing where FIG- URE 2 shows the invention as yapplied -to a steel blanking system; and FIGURE 3 shows a modification of the system of FIGURE 2. In the drawing the numeral represents a conventional unwinding reel or decoiler on which 10 is supported a roll 12 of sheet me-tal, for example, a web 14 of sheet steel which is fed by means -of a pair of suitable feed rollers 16 through a typical scrubber unit generally designated by the numeral '18 that includes a plurality of pairs of scrubbing brushes 20.

From the scrubber the web 14 passes into a pair of pull rolls 22 of a flexing unit designated by the numeral 24 where a plurality of pairs of rolls 26 work the steel surface to relieve the luder strains on the metal surface. The web 14 then passes to the pinch rolls 28 of a leveling and measuring unit 30 after providing a take-up loop 32, that dips into a floor recess 34. After leaving the metal pinch rolls 28 the web 14 passes through measuring rolls 36 usually of steel which determine -the length of web fed into the rblanker press 38 and timing of the severing operation.

From the measuring rolls 36 the web 14 passes to the metal pinch and feed rolls 40 usually of steel which in this case also preferably function to coat both sides of the web 14 with a continuous layer or facing 42 of the composition of the invention. The rolls 40 feed the web 14 with its applied coatings 42 to the blanker press 38 where the coated web is cut into blanks yor strips 44 and stacked while wet at 46. The steel rolls 40 are preferably slightly textured to allow the coating compound or composition to pass through the rolls with a maximum pressure giving closer control of film thickness. Such rolls also provide better feed and metal straightening characteristics.

The coating composition is fed to the coating station under a suitable pressure head by feed pipes 48, 50 to which the composition is delivered by suitable feed means 52 from a source of supply such as the-tank 54. The feed pipes 48, 50 preferably direct the composition sufficiently in front of the rolls 40 or on the metal at the vortex between web and roll to prevent excess compound from being carried to the back side of the roll and deposited on the metal web after the rolling process. The coating is spread by the pressure of the rolls. Since excessive coatings may cause dripping in storage, and poor material handling by reason of blocking and/or shifting of the blanks in the stack, the roll pressures are preferably such as to provide an approximate film thickness of 1 mil (.001) per side such that the film thickness between metal layers is not greater than about 2 mils.

It will be understood that the coating composition may also be applied by the leveling and measuring rolls 36 or by a set of rubber applicator rolls 56 as shown in FIG- URE 3 each provided with an associated adjustable metal doctor roll 58 preferably of the same size as the roll 56 and adjustable relative to the latter roll 56. The pressure of each doctor roll 58 against its associated rubber coating roll 56 controls the thickness of the coating film applied to the coating rolls and the pressure of the pair of opposed coating rolls 56 on the web 14 controls the amount and thickness of the film of coating composition that is transferred to the opposite `sides of the steel web 14.

In some cases it may be desired to initially blank the web material .and thereafter prior to use coat the blanks. A similar coating procedure `as described above may be followed in such cases, the blanking operation being then eliminated from the line and the blanks being fed to the coating rolls by a belt system such as shown in the patent to Fuciniari et al., 2,966,425, granted December 27, 1960. It has been found possible in such cases because of the character of composition of our invention to provide feed of composition to only the top coating roll 40 or 56 as the case may be, in such cases lapplying a film of `about twice that normally applied and relying upon transfer of part of the wet coating to the bottom side of the adjacent blank in the stack, i.e. forming a film on the back of the blank by contact in the stock.

From the foregoing description of our invention it will be apparent that we have provided a novel and useful liquid composition yfor use in drawing sheet metal that possesses many exceptional properties.

It will be understood that modifications and variations of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and intent thereof and all such modifications, variations and equivalents as may come within the purview of the appended claims are contemplated.

We claim:

1. A wet drawing compound for sheet me-tal usable wet during all working operations thereon, consisting essen* tially lof an admixture of the following ingredients in percent by weight of the compound:

15 to 75 water soluble soap and mixtures of soaps selected from the group consisting of sodium, potassium land amine rosin soaps, sodium and potassium soaps of fats and fatty acids whose titre does not exceed 30 C. and amine soaps of fatty acids whose titre does not exceed 30 C.;

to 15 organic fluid and mixtures -of organic iiuids selected from the group consisting of dimethyl sulfoxide, glycols, and ethers of glycols;

0 to 12% water; and the remainder at least about oil and mixtures of oils selected from the group consisting of aliphatic type oils, naphthenic ltype oils, aromatic type oils, pure parain oils, fatty oils, chlorinated aliphatic, naphthenic, aromatic, and fatty oils :and chlorinated parains,

said water soluble soap containing at least about by weight of the composition of the soap of rosin soap and said oil not including more than 50% by weight thereof of aromatic Itype oil.

2. A wet drawing compound :as claimed in claim 1 wherein said ingredients are in amount producing a wet compound having a viscosity of less than 100 seconds Ford Cup viscosity as measured by a level cup through a 1A inch orifice.

3. A wet drawing compound for sheet metal usable wet during `all working operations thereon, lconsisting essentially of an admixture of the following ingredients in percent by weight of the compound:

15 to 75% water soluble soap and mixtures of soaps selected from the groupconsisting of sodium, potassium land amine rosin soaps, sodium and potassium soaps of fats and fatty acids whose titre does not exceed 30 C. land amine soaps -of fatty acids whose titre does not exceed 30 C.;

0 to 15% organic uid and mixtures of organic fluids selected from the group consisting of dimethyl sulfoxide, glycols, and ethers of glycols 0 to 12% water; and

between about 14 to 80% oil and mixtures of oils selected from the group consisting of .aliphatic type oils, naphtlienic type oils, aromatic type oils, pure paraffin oils, fatty oils, chlorinated aliphatic, naphthenic, aromatic, and fatty oils and chlorinated parans,

said water soluble soap containing at least about 10% by weight of the composition of the soap of rosin soap and said oil not including more than 50% by weight thereof of aromatic type oil.

4. A wet drawing compound as claimed in claim 1 diluted with between 0 to 300% by weight of water and wherein said organic Huid is present in amount between :about to 25% by weight of the soap content.

S. A wet drawing compound as claimed in claim 3 diluted with between 0 to 10% by weight of water and wherein said organic Huid is present in amount between 0 to 6% by weight of the soap content.

6. A wet drawing compound as claimed in claim 3 diluted with between 0 to 300% by weight of an oil addition.

7. A wet drawing compound as claimed in claim 3 containing organic fluid in amount between about 20 to by weight of the soap content.

8. A wet drawing compound as claimed in claim 3 wherein the organic Huid is essentially glycol ethers.

9. A wet drawing compound as claim in claim 3 wherein the organic uid is essentially ethylene glycol monobutyl ether.

10. A wet drawing compound as claimed in claim 3 wherein the aromatic type oil constituent does not exceed 20% by weight of the total oil constituent of the compound.

11. A wet drawing compound as claimed in claim 3 wherein the organic fluid is present in amount at least about 20% by weight of the total soap constituent but not more than 15% by weight of the total compound.

12. A wet drawing compound as claimed in claim 3 wherein the organic iuid is present in amount at least about 6% of the weight of the total compound.

13. A wet drawing compound as claimed in claim 3 containing alkali metal rosin soap in amount between about 10 to 25% by weight of the compound, alkali metal fatty acid soap in amount between about 16 to 37%, organic iiuid in amount between about 2 to 15 water in amount between about 2.5 to 9% and wherein the oil constituent is essentially a mixture of naphthenic and parafnic oils containing aromatic oil in amount not exceeding 20% of the oil constituent.

14. A wet drawing compound as claimed in claim 3 containing about 15 to 16% alkali metal rosin soap, about 22 to 23% alkali metal tall oil fatty acid soap, about 3 to 10% organic fluid and wherein the oil constituent is essentially a mixture of naphthenic, paraffnic oils containing aromatic oil in amount not exceeding 20% of the oil constituent.

15. A wet drawing compound as claimed in claim 3 containing between 40 to 70% alkali metal rosin soap and between 0 to 10% organic fluid.

16. A wet drawing compound as claimed in claim 15 wherein the oil is essentially chlorinated paraffin.

17. A wet drawing compound as claimed in claim 3 wherein the oil constituent is constituted of oil having a maximum viscosity of about 4000 SUS at F. selected from aliphatic, naphthenic and aromatic oils and mixtures thereof. Y

18. The method of making a wet drawing compound comprising mixing with simple agitation and in any order the ingredients of claim 1 in the amounts therein stated and at a temperature between ambient temperature and F.

19. In the process of treating ferrous metal prior to deformation thereof by drawing, which comprises subjecting said metal to contact with a wet, non-blocking and anti-corrosive compound comprising an admixture of the following ingredients in percent by weight of the compound to coat said metal therewith:

15 to 75 water soluble soap and mixtures of soaps selected from the group consisting of sodium, potassium and amine rosin soaps, sodium and potassium soaps of fats and fatty acids whose titre does not exceed 30 C. and amine soaps of fatty acids whose titre does not exceed 30 C.;

0 to 15% organic fluid and mixtures of organic fluids selected from the group consisting of dimethyl sulfoxide, glycols, and ethers of gycols;

0 to 12% water; and remainder oil and mixtures of oils selected from the group consisting of aliphatic type oils, naphthenic type oils, aromatic type oils, pure parain oils, fatty oils, chlorinated aliphatic, naphthenic, aromatic, and fatty oils and chlorinated parains,

said water soluble soap containing at least about 10% by weight of the composition of the soap of rosin soap and said oil not including more than 50% by weight thereof of aromatic type oil,

bringing adjacent layers of said coated material while the coating is still wet into contact with each other and subsequently deforming the metal while the 13 coating thereon is still wet, the said coating facilitating storage ofthe coated metal for substantial periods of time prior to deformation While inhibiting corrosion of the metal and without adversely affecting drawability of the coated metal and removal of the coating after deformation of the metal.

References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,453,708 1l/l948 Hughes et al 20S- 19 Sproule et al 252-493 X Logue 252--42 X Manteuel et al. 117-134 X Furey 252-49.3 X

Fueinari et al 252--34 X DANIEL E. WYMAN, Primary Examiner.

lo C. F. DEES, Assistant Examiner. 

1. A WET DRAWING COMPOUND FOR SHEET METAL USABLE WET DURING AL WORKING OPERATIONS THEREON, CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF AN ADMIXTURE OF THE FOLLOWING INGREDIENTS IN PERCENT BY WEIGHT OF THE COMPOUND: 15 TO 75% WATER SOLUBLE SOAP AND MIXTURES OF SOAPS SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF SODIUM, POTASSIUM AND AMINE ROSIN SOAPS, SODIUM AND POTASSIUM SOAPS OF FATS AND FATTY ACIDS WHOSE TIRE DOES NOT EXCEED 30*C. AND AMINE SOAPS OF FATTY ACIDS WHOSE TIRE DOES NOT EXCEED 30*C.; 0 TO 15% ORGANIC FLUID AND MIXTURES OF ORGANIC FLUIDS SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF DIMETHYL SULFOXIDE, GLYCOLS, AND ETHERS OF GLYCOLS; 0 TO 12% WATER; AND THE REMAINDER AT LEAST ABOUT 14% OF OIL AND MIXTURES OF OILS SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF ALIPHATIC TYPE OILS, NAPTHENIC TYPE OILS, AROMATIC TYPE OILS, PURE PARAFFIN OILS, FATTY OILS, CHLORINATED ALIPHATIC, NAPHTHENIC, AROMATIC, AND FATTY OILS AND CHLORINATED PARAFFINS, SAID WATER SOLUBLE SOAP CONTAINING AT LEAST ABOUT 10% BY WEIGHT OF THE COMPOSITION OF THE SOAP OF ROSIN SOAP AND SAID OIL NOT INCLUDING MORE THAN 50% BY WEIGHT THEREOF OF AROMATIC TYPE OIL. 